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实验室常见杂菌

发布: 2021-12-01 1,382阅读 211评论

经常做微生物实验室的小伙伴一定有过这样的经历——染杂菌！！！这些杂菌颜色大小各不相同，有些可以明显区分有些则不易判断，杂菌会导致样品污染，严重影响后续实验的顺利推进。那么实验室经常见到的杂菌都有哪些，产生杂菌的原因又是什么呢？我们本期就来聊一聊实验室常见杂菌，看看有没有一些似曾相识呢？

第一类：真菌污染

1、 青霉
青霉的菌丝初期白色，可形成圆形菌落，随着菌丝生长，颜色由白逐渐变为绿或蓝。主要是接种时操作不严密或棉塞过湿所致，在高湿不通气环境中培养最易发生。
2、 曲霉
曲霉菌广泛存在于空气和土壤中，常见的曲霉有黑曲霉、黄曲霉、烟曲霉等，染菌原因是超净工作台没灭菌彻底或未吹风，导致外界空气进入超净台。

黑曲霉

黄曲霉

第二类：细菌污染

1、 金黄色葡萄球菌
金黄色葡萄球菌形态为球形，在培养基中菌落特征表现为圆形，菌落表面光滑，颜色为无色或者金黄色，无扩展生长特点。其对环境要求不高，37℃为最适生长温度，能在各种恶劣环境中存活下来，小编本人也曾经遇到过平板被金色葡萄球菌污染的情况。
2、 枯草芽孢杆菌
枯草芽孢杆菌广泛分布在土壤及腐败的有机物中, 菌落表面粗糙不透明，颜色呈污白色或微黄色。
3、 迪茨氏菌
菌落的形态与大肠杆菌类似，颜色呈奶白色、菌落光滑并且均一、不透明，能在LB固体培养基中生长。

第三类：噬菌体污染

为什么菌液越摇越清?注意了！注意了！很有可能是噬菌体污染！
一旦废弃菌液多了，或者发酵的菌液体积增大，噬菌体风险就增大，温和噬菌体会让OD600不增长，但是菌液不会全“死”，所以不易观察。而烈性噬菌体会让菌液直接“死”光，严重影响实验结果。遇到噬菌体污染的情况，如果是部分菌长不起来，可以用84消毒液擦摇床、超净台和菌液容易洒落的地方，反复擦至少五遍，并进行紫外灯照射；如果是所有菌都涨不起来，意味着实验室不能使用了，需要用高锰酸钾或甲醛熏完后至少关闭一个月实验室。
杂菌种类繁多，而且有些杂菌是来自于同一实验室的其他组员培养的稀有菌株，小编就不在此一一列举了。造成杂菌污染的原因主要是研究人员在微生物研究过程中操作不当引起的污染，严格规范的试验操作是减少污染最主要的途径, 实验前要对无菌间的超净台进行无菌抹布擦拭、喷洒酒精、紫外灭菌、开机吹风，另外，减少实验室的内外空气流动也十分必要。最后小编祝大家实验顺利，成果多多~~

参考文献

[1]胡进玲, 古丽君, 曹师,等. 草类植物微生物实验室的杂菌种类及其来源[J]. 草业科学, 2018, v.35；No.298(05):1315-1322.

[2]孙晶晶,刘阳,邢福国. 曲霉属真菌的分类鉴定方法[A]. 中国科学技术协会.农产品质量安全与现代农业发展专家论坛论文集[C].中国科学技术协会:中国农学会,2011:7.

[3]胡进玲, 李彦忠. 微生物实验室的杂菌种类及其来源研究[C]// 2017中国草学会年会. 0.

[4]李帆, LI, Fan,等. 实验室微生物污染状况及控制措施[J]. 德州学院学报, 2017.

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