细胞培养,看似简单的一个实验,却不知道把多少英雄豪杰折磨的意欲“自挂东南枝”~今天科研小助手就为大家盘点一下细胞复苏、传代到冻存的一些步骤和注意事项,希望广大科研汪能与细胞愉快的玩耍!
细胞复苏
细胞复苏的原则-快速融化:必须将冻存在-196℃液氮中的细胞快速融化至37℃,使细胞外冻存时的冰晶迅速融化,避免冰晶缓慢融化时进入细胞形成再结晶,对细胞造成损害。
具体操作:
一. 实验前准备:
1. 将水浴锅预热至37℃
2. 用75%酒精擦拭紫外线照射30min的超净工作台台面。
3. 在超净工作台中按次序摆放好消过毒的离心管、吸管、培养瓶等等。
二.细胞复苏培养:
1. 根据细胞冻存记录取出需要复苏的细胞。
2. 迅速将冻存管投入到已经预热的水浴锅中迅速解冻,并要不断的摇动,使管中的液体迅速融化。
3. 约1-2 min后冻存管内液体完全溶解,取出放入离心机中以1000 rpm/min速度离心3~5 min。
4. 用酒精棉球擦拭冻存管的外壁,再拿入超净台内。吸弃上清液,向离心管内加入1 ml培养液,吹打制成细胞悬液。
5. 将细胞悬液分装入培养瓶或者培养皿内,将培养瓶/培养皿放入37℃,5% CO2的培养箱内过夜后换液继续培养,换液的时间由细胞情况而定。
初学者易犯错误:
1. 水浴锅未预热或者未预热到37℃。
2. 水浴锅内冻存管太多,导致传热不佳,使融化时间延长。
3. 离心前忘记平衡,导致离心机损坏和细胞丢失。
4. 一次复苏细胞过多,忘记更换吸头和吸管,导致细胞交叉污染。
细胞传代
具体操作:
一. 传代前准备:
1. 预热培养用液:把已经配制好的装有培养液、PBS液和胰蛋白酶的瓶子放入37℃水浴锅内预热。
2. 用75%酒精擦拭经过紫外线照射的超净工作台和双手。
3. 正确摆放使用的器械:保证足够的操作空间,不仅便于操作而且可减少污染。
4. 点燃酒精灯:注意火焰不能太小。
二、细胞传代:
1. 取出预热好的培养用液:取出已经预热好的培养用液,用酒精棉球擦拭好后方能放入超净台内。
2. 从培养箱内取出细胞:注意培养瓶取出细胞时要旋紧瓶盖,用酒精棉球擦拭显微镜的台面,再在镜下观察细胞。
3. 将培养瓶放入超净工作台后打开瓶口,同时要在酒精灯上烧口消毒。
4. 加入消化液:小心吸出旧培养液,用PBS清洗(冲洗),加入适量消化液(胰蛋白酶液),注意消化液的量以盖住细胞最好,最佳消化温度是37℃。
5. 显微镜下观察细胞:倒置显微镜下观察消化细胞,若胞质回缩,细胞之间不再连接成片,表明此时细胞消化适度。
6. 弃去胰蛋白酶液,加入新鲜的培养液终止反应。小心吹打成细胞悬液。
7. 将细胞悬液吸入10 ml离心管中。平衡后将离心管放入离心机中,以1000 rpm/min离心5 min。
8. 弃去上清液,加入适当体积的培养液,用滴管轻轻吹打细胞制成细胞悬液。
9. 将细胞悬液吸出分装至2-3个培养瓶中,加入适量培养基旋紧瓶盖。
10. 显微镜下观察细胞:倒置显微镜下观察细胞量,必要时计数。注意密度过小会影响传代细胞的生长,传代细胞的密度应该不低于5×105/ml。最后要做好标记。
11. 继续培养:用酒精棉球擦拭培养瓶,适当旋松瓶盖,放入CO2培养箱中继续培养。传代细胞2-4 h后开始贴附在瓶壁上。
注意事项:
1. 严格的无菌操作
2. 适度消化:消化的时间受消化液的种类、配制时间、加入培养瓶中的量等诸多因素的影响,消化过程中应该注意培养细胞形态的变化,一旦胞质回缩,连接变松散,或有成片浮起的迹象就要立即终止消化。
细胞冻存
具体操作:
一、冻存前准备
1. 准备适量冻存管,做好标记后置于4℃冰箱预冷;
2. 配制冻存液,一般为用培养液配制10% DMSO;
3. 梯度冻存盒。
二、细胞冻存:
1. 按照细胞传代步骤1-7操作制备细胞悬液并离心;
2. 弃去上清,加入适当体积的冻存液,用滴管轻轻吹打细胞制成细胞悬液;
3. 将1 ml细胞悬液加入加入之前已做好标记的冻存管中并做好记录;
4. 将冻存管放入梯度冻存盒然后保存至-80℃过夜(如果没有冻存盒,可以先在4℃冰箱放置30 min,然后转移至-20℃放置1-2 h,最后转移至-80℃过夜),第二天取出放入液氮罐,并记录好位置信息。
注意事项:
1. 使用DMSO前,不需要进行高压灭菌,它本身就有灭菌的作用。高压灭菌反而会破华它的分子结构,以至于降低冷冻保护效果。在常温下,DMSO对人体有害,故在配制时最好戴上手套操作。
2. 不宜将冻存细胞放置在0℃~-60℃这一温度范围内过久,低温损伤主要发生在这一温度区内,是“危险温区”。
3. 注意定期检查液氮罐内液氮量,及时添加。
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细胞传代中,消化后直接 “6. 弃去胰蛋白酶液”,不会丢失已经消化下来的细胞吗?