当你伤心难过时,也许你会哭泣流泪,这时如果你有注意的话,你可能会感到在喉咙中有一大肿块。那么,这是为什么呢?这个块状物又是什么东西呢?
根据来自荷兰蒂尔堡大学(Tilburg University)临床心理学家Ad Vingerhoets,这实际上是我们自然的“战或逃”反应的一部分。当人类感到压力时,我们的身体使我们在生理上准备好应战或逃离现场。此时,我们的心率增加、血压暴涨、并且呼吸速率也加快。
荷兰蒂尔堡大学心理学教授Ad Vingerhoets
为什么在哭的时候会感到喉咙有肿块
Vingerhoets表示,更快的呼吸速率会影响控制咽喉开放的肌肉——称为声门(喉头中部)。声门张开能允许在准备战斗或逃跑期间有更多的空气进入体内。
声门就是导致肿块感的原因。虽然科学家仍然对这种肿块形成的确切原因尚无定论,但一般认为这与肌肉紧张和声门有关。第一种理论认为,当你试图吞咽(这个过程需要关闭声门)对抗张开声门的肌肉时,就会产生肌肉紧张,从而造成喉咙的不适感。第二种理论认为,当你试图去停止哭泣时,这意味着你试图收缩喉咙里的肌肉,而你的声门正试图张开,所以就会出现肿块感。
所以,下次如果你情绪上来时发现喉咙很难受,你能做的最好的事情就是采取深呼吸并尝试放松。
为什么会哭泣
对于我们为什么哭泣的研究有着一个漫长而复杂的历史。对于哭泣,查尔斯·达尔文(Charles Darwin)分析认为眼睛周围的微血管会充血,而肌肉为保护眼睛而收缩,所以导致泪腺分泌眼泪,所以眼泪是无意义的。
然而,哭泣的进化作用仍然处于激烈的争论中。许多科学家认为达尔文的这个观点是错误的,并指出流泪能赋予早期人类的一种自适应优势,因为哭泣可能是从哺乳动物的遇险信号中进化而来的“社会信号”。
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