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自己变身机器猫，口袋里装下世上所有的信息！

发布: 2016-01-15 465阅读 118评论

在写这篇文章的时候，小编上网查询了下，发现目前市场上在卖的比较强大的台式机的硬盘可以储存6TB的数据，由于化学降解，数据在硬盘里面最多只能保存近50年。

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但是小编今天要告诉你的是，各位看官请坐稳咯！

劲爆的来了：一个能放进裤子口袋大小的储存设备居然可以装下全世界所有的数据并可以保存万年之久而不会丢失数据！

经科学家们研究得出的结果是：1克DNA能容纳455EB的数据（1EB=1024PB，1PB=1024TB，1TB=1024GB），是不是容量相当恐怖！！！所以今天小编为大家介绍的便是一种基于DNA中两两互补的4种碱基（A,T,C,G）和其组成的双螺旋结构而建立的强大储存技术！

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那么科学家们最开始是怎么想到运用DNA来制造这种新的储存技术的呢？这么说吧，一段有 4000个碱基对的DNA可能的排列方式就有44000种，共同构成了相互缠绕的双链阶梯状的螺旋结构。通过这四种碱基不同顺序的编码，存储了生物所有的遗传信息。另外DNA的储存时间长也是一个重要的因素，2013年，科学家们成功从一根化石骨头里面为一匹70万前的马完成了基因测序，不过要注意的是，这骨头需要保存的很好，不然会由于暴露在周遭环境中，导致DNA损坏和降解。

那该如何将信息保存在DNA里呢？小编拿一本书来举例吧，首先要做的便是将书的内容变成电子数据（用二进制表示），再将二进制1,0数据编码成DNA的四种碱基组合，随后通过微流体芯片对基因序列进行合成，从而使该序列的位置与相关数据集相匹配（这里是人工合成的DNA，如果用活体细胞中的基因组，细胞不仅会死亡，而且还会分裂复制，这对其中存储的数据都是致命性打击），合成后的DNA被保存在二氧化硅材料（类似化石的结构）的保护壳中。研究表明，在二氧化硅的保护中，把其暴露在70摄氏度的环境下一周（相当于正常生活环境下降解2000年），DNA所保存的内容完好无损。更为震撼的是，据科学家们推算，在零下18度的环境下，DNA中所储存的数据可以被无损保存超过百万年。保存完后，要如何读取数据呢？其实就是为DNA测序，将所有DNA片断排列顺序后，还原成二进制格式的数据，这样，一本电子版的书籍就还原在你电脑显示屏幕上了。

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可惜的是，目前的科技水平还无法将此DNA存储产品推向市场并广泛运用，主要原因是DNA 存储和读取都相当耗时间，而且价格贵得惊人（每MB需要近1.5万美元）！

不过，小编相信，随着科技的进步，人工合成DNA和测序的成本势必会下降到一个亲民的价格，利用DNA存储数据的商业服务将会在未来迅猛发展起来。而等到DNA存储技术更为成熟时，我们便可以随身携带自己一生所需要的所有信息！

 

Reference

Church GM, Gao Y, Kosuri S. Next-generation digital information storage in DNA. Science 2012; 337:1628; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1226355

Goldman N, Bertone P, Chen S, Dessimoz C, LeProust EM, Sipos B, . Towards practical, high-capacity, low-maintenance information storage in synthesized DNA. Nature 2013; 494:77 – 80; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11875

图片来自网络，内容由BioEngX原创，转载请注明！

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