在很久以前,BioEngX发布了有一篇关于DNA染色剂的文章(戳这里:“DNA染色,你用什么方法? ”),文中提到了最常用的DNA荧光试剂Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) 和GelRed。EtBr用于DNA染色的方法最初被使用是在上世纪七十年代,后来由于EtBr可能存在的致癌/诱导突变的毒性、不易处理丢弃等特性,而被渐渐地被取代(虽然小编今天还在用~~~),直到今日,其他种类的DNA染色剂/荧光剂也被发明了出来,我们在DNA染色上也有了更多的选择。
其中有一款名为GelRed的染色剂,很多人使用它是因为它的致癌毒性比EtBr低,而且生产公司的宣称GelRed无诱变致癌性或细胞毒性(non-mutagenic and noncytotoxic),可事实真实这样的么?
让我们先来看看这两种物质的分子结构:
左边的是EtBr,右边的是GelRed(图片均来自维基百科),本质上来说,一个GelRed就是把两个EtBr用一条线连接起来。那么在这两个分子中相同的乙锭基团部分,就是起到DNA荧光染色的关键,也是产生可能诱变致癌的根源。EtBr染色的原理是乙锭基团可以卡在DNA分子的碱基之间与DNA分子结合,这样被紫外光照射后发亮的地方,便是DNA分子所在的地方。小编认为,凡是这种能和DNA分子结合的化学物质,都是或多或少能影响DNA分子的完整性,进一步影响到DNA的复制等等后续活动,从而导致了可能存在的诱变。
那么为什么都说GelRed比EtBr安全很多呢?小编认为,GelRed虽与EtBr有相同的乙锭基团,但GelRed是用多碳链烃链接两个乙锭基团,使得GelRed的挥发性降低,分子极性也没那么强(即水溶性不强),也就是说这个东西滴在手上不会那么快渗入到皮肤里。反观EtBr,它的挥发性高,水溶性强,当我们在使用EtBr的时候,不管怎么防护(戴好手套,用上通风橱),我们都会接触到低浓度挥发出来的EtBr,这种长期的低浓度EtBr接触才是不好的。
所以啊,小编觉得用GelRed的时候也要小心,该带的手套要带,该用的通风橱要用,只要操作小心,应该不会有实验安全的问题,并不是别人厂商说GelRed没毒没危险,你就能拿手在那儿乱碰!
有什么关于GelRed或EtBr的想法,欢迎留言讨论哦~
图片来自网络,内容由BioEngX原创,转载请注明!
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