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H指数：当代科学工作者学术水平的综合评价指标

发布: 2017-05-06 912阅读 169评论

在申请基金、选择导师、合作者和招聘科研人员等多个方面都需要判断科研人员的学术水平。小编今天向大家介绍一个评价科研人员学术水平的指标，Ｈ指数。

H指数是什么？
H指数（H index）是2005年由美国加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校的物理学家乔治·赫希（Jorge E．Hirsch）提出的一种混合定量评价科研人员学术成就的方法,可用于评估研究人员的学术产出数量与学术产出水平。H指数的计算基于其研究者的论文数量及其论文被引用的次数。赫希认为：一个人在其所有学术文章中有N篇论文分别被引用了至少N次，他的H指数就是N。

如美国耶鲁大学免疫学家理查德·弗来沃（Richard Flavell)发表的1105篇文章中，有170篇被引用了170次以上，他的H指数是170。可以按照如下方法确定某人的H指数：1、将其发表的所有SCI论文按被引次数从高到低排序；2、从前往后查找排序后的列表，直到某篇论文的序号大于该论文被引次数。所得序号减一即为H指数。举个例子，如果一位科学家发表了20篇文章，被引用次数多少不等，从多到少排队，到第10篇文章的时候，被引用次数正好也是10次，那么这个科学家的H指数就是10。

H指数概念发表以后，引起很大的反响，美国研究型大学要获得永久教职（副教授），H指数一般为10到12，晋升为正教授则大约为18。成为美国科学院院士则一般在45以上,中位数是57。比如美国国家科学院外籍院士施一公，他的H指数是66。很多诺贝尔奖得主的H指数通常都大于100。

H指数的优缺点
如果按照发表的文章总数量来评价科学家的影响力，只能说明“产量”，无法判断“质量”，如果按照总引用次数评价，可能因为几篇高引用文章而掩盖了总体的质量。这个H指数，表明科学家发表文章不仅要注重数量，也一定要重视质量。H指数能够比较准确地反映一个人的学术成就。一个人的H指数越高，则表明他的论文影响力越大，越有价值。乔治·赫希最近研究发现, H指数不仅可以用于评估研究人员过去的学术水平，也可以用于预测未来的学术成就。

H指数也有其局限性。首先，对于年轻科学家来说，由于发表论文数量太少，论文的数目成了其H指数的上限，计算其H指数没有多大的意义。比如小编，一共发了三篇文章，H指数是决不可能超过3的。H指数比较适合用于衡量已从事科研多年的资深科学家的总体成就。一个人的H指数不会随着时间的推移而减少，只会增加或保持不变。其次,H指数没有区分论文是自引还是他引；还有，基于不同的检索数据库如Web of Science、Scopus、Google Scholar，算出来的某个研究者的h指数常常不一样，这跟数据库的收录范围有关；再者，H指数只考虑是否作者而未考虑作者在论文中的实际贡献。当然，靠任何一项单一的指标要来完整评价一个学者的贡献是不现实的，也不可能的，但，无论如何，H指数正在全球科学界越来越受重视，已经成为欧美某些大学的教授聘用依据或重要参考指标。

下表列出了一些H指数较高的内地科学家(排名不分先后)

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